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Net, racket and court sports

Twelve court sports, each drawn to scale from its own rulebook. The first five are the net sports: sport: "tennis" (the ITF's Rules of Tennis), "volleyball" (the FIVB's Official Volleyball Rules; beach volleyball is league: "fivb-beach", from the FIVB's Beach Volleyball Rules), "badminton" (the BWF's Laws of Badminton), "pickleball" (USA Pickleball's rulebook) and "tabletennis" (the ITTF's Laws of Table Tennis). Seven more follow: "padel" (the FIP's Rules of Padel), "squash" (World Squash's court specifications), "racquetball" (the IRF's rules and court specifications), "sepaktakraw" (the ISTAF's Law of the Game), "teqball" (the FITEQ's rules), "roundnet" (the International Roundnet Federation's rules) and "netball" (World Netball's Rules of Netball); sitting volleyball is league: "wpv-sitting" of volleyball (World ParaVolley's rules). Every figure is cited, rule by rule, in sources.md. They lie wide, with the net across the middle (where there is one) and the teams' score on a board over it; orientation: "portrait" lays them tall. Squash, racquetball, roundnet and netball have no net, and netball is scored as a goals sport, with the usual score and not a board of sets.

import { drawKyogijo } from "@johnmorrisdotca/kyogijo-stadiums";

const court = drawKyogijo({ sport: "tennis" });
const beach = drawKyogijo({ sport: "volleyball", league: "fivb-beach" });
console.log(court.includes('data-sport="tennis"'), beach.includes('data-look="sand"'));
// true true
console.log(court.match(/viewBox="([^"]*)"/)?.[1], "|", drawKyogijo({ sport: "tennis", orientation: "portrait" }).match(/viewBox="([^"]*)"/)?.[1]);
// -23.73 -14.73 125.46 65.46 | 0 0 65.46 125.46

import { drawKyogijo } from "@johnmorrisdotca/kyogijo-stadiums";

const sitting = drawKyogijo({ sport: "volleyball", league: "wpv-sitting" });
const squash = drawKyogijo({ sport: "squash" });
console.log(sitting.includes('data-league="wpv-sitting"'), squash.match(/viewBox="([^"]*)"/)?.[1]);
// true -16.28 -1.61 49.88 24.22

The figures#

Each is the rulebook's, in the unit it prints first: feet for the ITF and USA Pickleball, metres for the FIVB, the BWF and the ITTF. All court sizes are to the outside edge of the lines, as each book measures them.

import { dimensionsOf, surfaceSize } from "@johnmorrisdotca/kyogijo-stadiums/geometry";
import { LEAGUES, leagueFigures } from "@johnmorrisdotca/kyogijo-stadiums/leagues";

console.log(surfaceSize("tennis", "ft"), surfaceSize("volleyball"), dimensionsOf("badminton", "m").shortServiceLine);
// { length: 78, width: 36, unit: 'ft' } { length: 18, width: 9, unit: 'm' } 1.98
console.log(leagueFigures(LEAGUES.tennis[0]).slice(0, 2).map(([name, value]) => `${name}: ${value}`).join("; "));
// court: 78 ft by 36 ft (singles 27 ft wide); service line: 21 ft from the net
console.log(leagueFigures(LEAGUES.volleyball[1]).slice(0, 2).map(([name, value]) => `${name}: ${value}`).join("; "));
// court: 16 m by 8 m; attack line: none

ATP and WTA matches are played by the ITF's rules, so there is one tennis league, itf (the sport's own). The volleyball sport has three: fivb, the indoor court, fivb-beach and wpv-sitting, World ParaVolley's sitting volleyball court. Squash has three: wsf (singles), wsf-doubles and wsf-doubles-wide (the international competition width). The other sports have one league each, the sport's own.

Options#

import { drawKyogijo } from "@johnmorrisdotca/kyogijo-stadiums";

const club = drawKyogijo({ sport: "tennis", net: { free: "least", sticks: true } });
console.log(club.match(/class="ky-free" x="([^"]*)" y="([^"]*)"/)?.slice(1).join(" "), (club.match(/class="ky-nt-post"/g) ?? []).length);
// -18 -10 4

Looks#

The colours are ours: no rulebook prints a colour for a tennis court or a pickleball court (the FIVB asks only that the court, the free zone and the lines differ; where a rulebook prefers or recommends one, the table says so). Each look has a light and a dark set, chosen by the device's setting, data-theme or theme, as the other surfaces' are.

The look is the drawing's data-look, and its rules are written into the drawing for that look only. KYOGIJO_COURTS_STYLE has every look for a page that draws with style: "none" (and is part of KYOGIJO_STYLE).

A score#

A net sport's score is a board over the net, with a team in each row (netball, which is scored in goals, has the usual score instead, with the teams' names in its goal thirds and the home team on the left; a roundnet court has no net to lie over, so its board lies on the ground below the serving line). A team's sets is its score in each set (in tennis and padel its games; in the other sports the points of each set or game), in order, and the set in progress is the last one given. score is the sets (or games) it has won. In tennis points is the game in progress (0, 15, 30, 40, Ad, or a tie-break's points) and tiebreaks the points of a tie-break in a set, written small beside the games. serving puts a ball beside the team that is serving, on the board and in the corner of its block on the badge.

The board has as many columns as the sets a match can run to (tennis 3, volleyball 5, beach volleyball 3, sitting volleyball 5, badminton 3, pickleball 3, table tennis 5, padel 3, squash 5, racquetball 5, sepak takraw 3, teqball 3, roundnet 3) and more when a team gives more, a column for the points of the game when a team has any, and a column of the sets or games won ("Sets" for tennis, volleyball, padel, sepak takraw and teqball, "Games" for badminton, pickleball, table tennis, squash, racquetball and roundnet, which is the word each rulebook uses). In each set the lower score is dimmed.

import { drawKyogijo, statusLabel } from "@johnmorrisdotca/kyogijo-stadiums";

const game = {
  sport: "tennis" as const,
  away: { name: "Harbour City Gulls", abbr: "HCG", score: 1, color: "#1d4f91", sets: [6, 6, 2], tiebreaks: [5, null, null], points: "40", serving: true },
  home: { name: "Prairie Ridge Bison", abbr: "PRB", score: 1, color: "#a8452c", sets: [7, 3, 3], points: "30" },
  status: "set-3",
};
const svg = drawKyogijo(game);
console.log(svg.includes("Set 3"), svg.includes("Harbour City Gulls is serving."));
// true true
console.log(statusLabel("set-3"), statusLabel("tiebreak"), statusLabel("set-3", "ja"), statusLabel("Game 2", "ja"));
// Set 3 Tiebreak 第3セット 第2ゲーム

• Statuses. set-3 (or "Set 3", or 第3セット) is "Set 3", game-2 is "Game 2", and tiebreak, match-tiebreak, retired and walkover are written out; final decides the winner as for any game. The status is also the board's foot. A tie-break game goes to seven points with a lead of two (Rule 5(b)); the 5 in tiebreaks is the loser's points in the tie-break that decided the set, as scores are written, 7-6(5).
• The sizes. size: "badge" is the strip, with the court as its picture; size: "compact" is the court with that strip under it. A tall court has its board turned back, upright.
• The description says who is serving, each team's score in each set (or game) and, in tennis, the points of the game, as well as the score, so that a reader who cannot see the board has it. A tie-break is written in brackets after its set: "6 (5), 6, 2".
• Words. All of it is in English and Japanese. The Japanese of each string is in strings-ja.md.

How the newer courts are laid out#

• Padel has no lines round it: its walls are its limits. The end walls and the 4 m walls at the ends of the sides are drawn solid, the metal fence between them lighter. The central service line runs under the net and 20 cm past each service line (the Rules' least).
• Squash and racquetball lie with the front wall at the left and the walls drawn round the court. A squash court's front wall is laid flat beside it, as if hinged on its foot, so that its lines show at their heights: the tin, the service line and the front wall line. The back wall line and the side wall line (which slopes from 4.57 m to 2.13 m) are held in the figures and not drawn. A racquetball court's receiving line is drawn broken, as the IRF specifies: a 21 inch segment at each wall and sixteen of 6 inches between.
• Sepak takraw has four quarter circles, one inside the court on each side of the net at each end of the centre line, which together read as a half circle across the net, and a service circle on each side.
• Teqball has its table (3 m by 1.5 m) in the middle, its net across the middle of the table's length and the halfway line under it.
• Roundnet has no sides: a square of ground, the set in the middle and its two circles. It is square, so orientation: "portrait" draws it the same.
• Netball has its goalposts at the middle of each goal line, each with its ring seen from above.

Zones and frames#

The zone set net-court counts a data layer's marks into each side of the net, split at the court's own line: tennis's service line, volleyball's attack line (sitting volleyball's is 2 m), badminton's short service line, pickleball's non-volley zone line, padel's service line and teqball's, into a front court and a back court; beach volleyball, table tennis and sepak takraw have no such line, so each side is one half court (data layers). Squash and racquetball have the set wall-court (the front court, from the front wall to the short line, and the back court behind it), roundnet roundnet-rings (the no hit zone, the ring out to the serving line, and the rest of the court) and netball the field-thirds it shares with the field sports (its goal thirds and centre third). The zones are ours: the rules name the lines and not the areas.

Each sport has a frame of its own, named like the sport: the centre of the net, on the court, as the origin (the centre of the court, for squash, racquetball, roundnet and netball, which have no net), with x along the court (positive towards the end drawn at the right) and y across it (positive towards the top as the court is drawn wide), in the unit its rulebook prints first (coordinate frames). Most have one size each; a volleyball court is indoor, beach or sitting and a squash court singles, doubles or wide doubles, so their frames are given the size they are placed on.

import { toSurface } from "@johnmorrisdotca/kyogijo-stadiums/frames";

// The T of the right half: the service line is 21 feet from the net, on the centre service line.
console.log(toSurface([[21, 0]], { from: "tennis" }));
// [ [ 60, 18 ] ]

Where it differs from @sportsdataverse/sporty#

@sportsdataverse/sporty (MIT) draws tennis and volleyball too. Its numbers for the ITF's court (it lists the ATP, ITA, ITF, NCAA, USTA and WTA with the same figures) are the same as these: 78 by 27 and 36 feet, the service lines 21 feet from the net, a centre mark of 4 inches, a net of 42 feet between the posts. Where this package differs, and why:

• Pickleball, badminton, table tennis, beach volleyball, sitting volleyball, padel, squash, racquetball, sepak takraw, teqball, roundnet and netball are not in it; here each has its own rulebook cited.
• The line widths and the fixtures. Its tennis lines are 2 inches wide, the greatest of the rule's 1 to 2 inches for the lines other than the baselines; so are these, drawn a little thicker unless exactLines is set. Its table has the court, the net's length, the line's thickness and the run-back (21 and 12 feet, which are Appendix X's international figures); it has no singles sticks, no centre service line width and no net heights. Here they are (Rule 1), the sticks are drawn on request, and Appendix X's club figures (18 and 10 feet) are net.free: "least".
• Volleyball's free zone is a number per league in its table (5 and 6.5 m for the FIVB, 3 and 4.5 m for the NCAA and USA Volleyball); here it is the FIVB's rule (1.1: at least 3 m, and for the FIVB's competitions 5 m beside the side lines and 6.5 m behind the end lines), as the rulebook gives it, with the choice between them in net.free. The NCAA's and USA Volleyball's own books are not read here, so those two leagues are not drawn.
• The attack line. Its table has attack_line_edge_to_center_line: 3 too; here it is read as the rule words it: the rear edge is 3 m from the axis of the centre line (Rule 1.3.4). The FIVB's competitions' extension of five 15 cm lines to 1.75 m is part of official.
• The rest of the rules around the court (which side of the net a zone is, a tie-break, the order of play in a set) are in the code here, from the rules cited.

No code of sporty, and none of GPL-3.0 sportypy or sportyR, was used: only sporty's table of numbers was read, as facts, and every figure was read again from the rulebooks.

What is not drawn#

The tennis courts for 10-and-under play (the ITF's "Red" and "Orange" courts of Appendix VIII), the net's mesh and tape, the umpire's chair and the officials' places, the warm-up areas, the volleyball substitution and libero replacement zones and warm-up areas (1.4.3 to 1.4.5), pickleball's server number and its stadium court (3.A.3: 50 by 80 feet), the table tennis table's legs, padel's entrances and its safety area for play outside the court, squash's back wall and side wall lines, its ceiling and its door, racquetball's out-of-court line on the back wall and its screen lines, the sepak takraw A-board, the teqball table's curve, roundnet's rims and legs and netball's bench zone and the ring's net. They are left for another change, not for want of a rule.

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